Definition and Importance
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The structure of atoms and nuclei forms the foundation of atomic physics and nuclear physics. Understanding these structures is essential for comprehending the properties and behaviours of matter at the most fundamental level.
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Historical Development
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- Thomson’s Model: Proposed the “plum pudding” model where electrons are embedded in a positive sphere.
- Rutherford’s Model: Introduced the nuclear model with a small, dense nucleus.
- Bohr’s Model: Presented quantized orbits for electrons.
- Quantum Mechanical Model: Describes electrons in terms of probabilities and wavefunctions.
Applications in Modern Science and Technology
Knowledge of atomic and nuclear structure is crucial for advancements in fields like nuclear energy, medical imaging, radiation therapy, and quantum computing.
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Chapter 15 Structure of Atom and Nuclei Question Bank Solution | class 12th | Maharashtra board
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PDFSource: self-study
1: What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, while the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
2: How do you determine the energy released in a nuclear reaction?
The energy released in a nuclear reaction is determined using the mass defect (difference in mass between reactants and products) and Einstein’s equation E = mc2.
3: How can I improve my understanding of atomic and nuclear physics?
Practice solving a variety of problems, use visual aids to understand the concepts, and relate theoretical knowledge to practical applications to deepen your understanding.
